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Shollar water is a term usually used to describe bottled water from the Shollar spring in Şollar, Azerbaijan, but it can also refer to water pumped to the city of Baku from the Shollar spring. ==History== Baku is the capital and largest city of Azerbaijan, as well as the largest city in the Caspian Sea and of the Caucasus region. Despite its grandeur, in the 19th century its water was salty and seldom clean, contributing to diseases such as cholera, diphtheria, scarlet fever, typhoid, and spotted fever. Faced with constant interruptions and unsanitary supply of water, the people of Baku sought "a reliable, healthy source of water".〔()〕 When all known solutions had been exhausted, Baku’s city planners sought international expertise. After years of research and deliberation, a decision to construct a pipeline to direct water from the Caucasus Mountains to Baku was made. Water from this pipeline became known as "Shollar water". In the late 19th century, access to drinking water was a serious problem for most people living in Baku. Alternatives such as desalination plants or a pipeline from the Kura River were too costly, and were abandoned.〔()〕 While in Paris, Haji Zeynalabdin Taghiyev, an Azeri national, industrial magnate, and philanthropist, conceived an idea to build a pipeline from the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains to Baku. In 1899, Taghiyev hired William Lindley, a British civil engineer who had designed multiple water and sewerage systems for more than thirty cities across Europe. Tasked with trying to find a plentiful source of water, Lindley chose the springs near Guba, in the Caucasus Mountains. Baku’s municipal government was primarily opposed to the idea of constructing a pipeline, but Taghiyev insisted, saying, "As long as the Shahdagh Mountain () ice on its peak …Shollar will never run out."〔()〕 Lindley spent the year of 1899 completing exploratory works near Quba Uyezd's rich springs and rivers. Water was found in Shollar, located on the highlands between Qusar and Khazri. His project was supported by Alimardan Topchubashov, a member of the Duma. Topchubashov supplied 25,000 rubles for Lindley’s project. In 1901, the Duma provided another 182,000 rubles for the project. Work began on 3 January 1904. However, the project was slowed due to the revolution between 1905 and 1907. On 5 May 1909, the Duma created the Department of Construction of the Water Conduit, and Lindley was named an engineer. Construction of the pipeline began in January 1917. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Shollar water」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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